This brief provides an overview of the major health-related COVID-19 federal emergency declarations that have been made and summarizes the flexibilities triggered by each in the following areas: coverage, costs, and payment for COVID-19 testing, treatments, and vaccines, Medicaid coverage and federal match rate, Telehealth, other Medicaid and CHIP flexibilities, other Medicare payment and coverage flexibilities, other private insurance coverage flexibilities, access to medical countermeasures (vaccines, tests, and treatments) through FDA emergency use authorization (EUA), and liability immunity to administer medical countermeasures.