Early Career Professionals How To Toolkit

Ace Your Interview

What is a Job Interview?

A job interview is a structured conversation between a candidate and a prospective employer, designed to assess whether the candidate is the right fit for a position and vice versa. The process helps employers evaluate skills, experiences, and values. At the same time, it allows candidates to showcase their strengths and learn more about the role.

Types of Interviews

Most job interviews have multiple rounds. Depending on the employer, a first interview may be a short phone call with a human resources representative (HR screening interview) to screen for qualifications and interest. If the candidate moves past the screening interview, a first interview to assess qualifications, interest, skills, and organizational fit may follow. Additional rounds of interviews may bring in other team members and evaluate other dimensions of qualifications. Interviews may be conducted in-person, over the phone, or virtually.

The following are common types of interviews candidates may encounter.

    • HR Screening: Initial interview focused on verifying basic qualifications, background, and interest in the position.
    • One-on-One: Common format wherein a single interviewer asks questions to assess qualifications and fit.
    • Panel: Multiple interviewers evaluate the candidate at once, allowing for multiple perspectives.
    • Group Interviews: Multiple candidates are interviewed together, allowing employers to observe teamwork, leadership, and communication.

Interview Preparation

Preparation is key. It demonstrates to prospective employers that a candidate wants the position, is taking the process seriously, and can perform in a professional setting. By preparing, candidates often feel more confident and perform better.

Use the following list to help you prepare.

Research the organization
Prepare examples
Integrate public health knowledge
Prepare questions
Practice and reflect
Provide a list of references
Be ready on the day of
Learn about the organization’s mission, current programs, past projects, and the hiring team. This demonstrates your familiarity with the organization and its work, which is an important way to show your interest.
Carefully study responsibilities, qualifications, and expectations of the role. Be prepared to demonstrate how your skills and experiences align with the requirements, and anticipate related interview questions.
Be ready to discuss relevant public health topics, such as health equity or policies, systems, and environmental change. Show your ability to apply this knowledge in community or policy settings. Public health employers may assess your knowledge of public health principles and how well you can integrate that knowledge into real-world work.
Prepare several questions to ask the prospective employer when given the opportunity in the interview. Asking meaningful questions demonstrates engagement in the interview process and genuine interest in the role.
Practice makes perfect. Do mock interviews with friends, family members, or classmates, review your resume, and prepare to connect your experiences to the role.
Prepare a list of professional contacts who can speak to your skills, experiences, and qualifications. Have a PDF or printed version of your reference list ready to share during the interview or via a follow-up email.
For virtual interviews, test your technology, set up a professional and quiet setting. For in-person interviews, plan your travel, and arrive early.

Star Method

The STAR method is a structured way to answer behavioral interview questions clearly and effectively by organizing your story into four parts:

        • Situation: Describe the context or background of the challenge you faced
        • Task: Explain your role and responsibility in that situation
        • Action: Outline the specific steps you took to address the challenge
        • Result: Share the outcome, highlighting what you achieved and learned

Interview Structure

Depending on the employer, the job, and the interview format, interviews vary in terms of length, content, and structure. There are, however, common elements that candidates can anticipate. Doing so will help them prepare, stay organized, and manage time effectively.

Introduction
Background Questions
Behavioral/Technical Questions
Candidate Questions
Closing Remarks
You may be asked to introduce yourself, and the interviewers may briefly introduce themselves, the role, and the organization. Be prepared to provide background on your education and experience. Take note of details the interviewers give, as you may wish to reference points of connection or ask follow-up questions during the interview.
Interviewers may ask about your education, experiences, and career goals. Preparing in advance for these likely questions will help you respond clearly and succinctly.
Interviewers may ask questions that are designed to assess how you might handle challenges and apply your experience to tackle future tasks. You may be asked to share examples of problem-solving, teamwork, or technical skills. Preparing with the STAR method can help you provide clear and relevant responses.
Near the end of an interview, the candidate usually has an opportunity to ask questions to the interviewers. This is your chance to ask about the role, organization, and to clarify expectations.
At the end of an interview, interviewers often outline future steps, such as the next rounds of interviews, a timeline for decision-making, and contacting references. There may also be an opportunity for you to make final remarks, affirm your interest in the role, and thank the interviewers for their time.

Elements of a Strong Job Interview

A strong interview shows both your professionalism and fit for the role. Key elements include:

  • Professionalism: Arrive on time, dress appropriately, and show respect for all interviewers and fellow candidates
  • Preparation: Demonstrate knowledge of the organization’s mission, programs, needed skills, and past experiences
  • Clear Communication and Relevance: Answer questions directly, use examples that show your skills and growth, and highlight the values you bring to the organization
  • Engagement: Show interest by asking thoughtful questions that connect you with the interviewers and organization

Tips! 

  • Do your homework: Learn about the organization’s mission, programs, and community. 
  • Tailor your answers: Connect your skills and experiences directly to the job description.
  • Show cultural competence: Highlight experiences working with diverse groups and adapting to different situations.
  • Practice and reflect: Rehearse answers, review your resume, and be prepared to reflect on past experiences. 
  • Stay professional and confident: Maintain eye contact, be mindful of body language, actively listen, and express enthusiasm for the role.
  • Send a thank-you email: Prepare a follow-up message after the interview to express your gratitude and reaffirm your interest in the position.
  • Be adaptable: Prepare for both virtual and in-person formats by accounting for their differences. 
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